Amendments
2014—Pub. L. 113–187, § 9(f)(2), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2014, struck out “and by the Administrator of General Services” after “United States” in item 29.
2002—Pub. L. 107–347, title I, § 101(b), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2910, added item 36.
1993—Pub. L. 103–40, § 2(b), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113, added item 41.
1990—Pub. L. 101–509, title IV, § 1(d)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1419, added item 27.
1988—Pub. L. 100–504, title II, § 204, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2531, added item 39.
1984—Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§ 102(c)(2), 107(b)(18)(B), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2283, 2290, substituted “National Archives and Records Administration” for “Archival Administration” in item 21, and inserted “the Archivist of the United States and by the” in item 29.
1980—Pub. L. 96–511, § 2(b), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825, substituted “Information Policy” for “Reporting Services” in item 35.
1978—Pub. L. 95–591, § 2(b)(1), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528, added item 22.
Pub. L. 95–378, § 2(b), Sept. 22, 1978, 92 Stat. 723, struck out item 27 “Federal Records Council”.
1974—Pub. L. 93–536, § 2, Dec. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 1735, substituted “National Historical Publications and Records Commission” for “National Historical Publications Commission” in item 25.
Change of Name
“Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Government Printing Office” in items 3 and 39 on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
|
Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title 44
|
|---|
|
1
|
101
|
|
2
|
102
|
|
4
|
103
|
|
5
|
509
|
|
6
|
510
|
|
7
|
511
|
|
8
|
512
|
|
9
|
513
|
|
10
|
514
|
|
11
|
515
|
|
12
|
516
|
|
13
|
517
|
|
14
|
504
|
|
15, 16
|
Rep.
|
|
31
|
301
|
|
32
|
304
|
|
33–35
|
Rep.
|
|
36
|
508
|
|
37, 38
|
Rep.
|
|
39
|
302
|
|
39a
|
303
|
|
40
|
305
|
|
41
|
306
|
|
42
|
307
|
|
43–46
|
Rep.
|
|
47
|
316
|
|
48
|
Elim.
|
|
49
|
313
|
|
50, 51
|
Rep.
|
|
51a
|
Elim.
|
|
52
|
Elim.
|
|
52a
|
308
|
|
53
|
T. 18 § 442
|
|
54–57
|
Rep.
|
|
58
|
505
|
|
59
|
312
|
|
60
|
Rep.
|
|
61
|
315
|
|
62
|
314
|
|
63
|
309
|
|
63a
|
309
|
|
64
|
311
|
|
71
|
1702
|
|
72
|
1705
|
|
72a
|
1708
|
|
73
|
308, 1702
|
|
74
|
1703
|
|
75
|
1704
|
|
76
|
1710
|
|
77
|
1711
|
|
78
|
1720
|
|
79
|
1707
|
|
80
|
1713
|
|
81
|
1712
|
|
81a
|
1901
|
|
81b
|
1902
|
|
81c
|
1914
|
|
82
|
1905
|
|
83
|
1904
|
|
84
|
1910
|
|
84a
|
1912
|
|
85
|
1903, 1906
|
|
85a
|
1913
|
|
86
|
1909
|
|
87
|
1907
|
|
87a
|
Rep.
|
|
88
|
1908
|
|
89
|
Elim.
|
|
90
|
Rep.
|
|
91
|
1717
|
|
91a
|
1716
|
|
92
|
1119, 1911
|
|
93
|
1721
|
|
94
|
1709
|
|
95
|
1701
|
|
96
|
1722
|
|
111
|
501
|
|
111a
|
502
|
|
111b
|
503
|
|
111c
|
Elim.
|
|
112, 113
|
Rep.
|
|
114
|
1706
|
|
115
|
506, 507
|
|
116
|
501, 1123
|
|
117
|
1103
|
|
118
|
1104
|
|
119
|
1120
|
|
120
|
Elim.
|
|
121
|
1111
|
|
131
|
701
|
|
132
|
702
|
|
133
|
703
|
|
134
|
702
|
|
135
|
705
|
|
136
|
714
|
|
137
|
704
|
|
138
|
715
|
|
139
|
1718
|
|
139a
|
1719
|
|
140
|
716
|
|
141
|
718
|
|
142
|
719
|
|
143
|
738
|
|
144
|
717
|
|
145
|
Elim.
|
|
146
|
734
|
|
147
|
713
|
|
148
|
720
|
|
149
|
721
|
|
150
|
722
|
|
151
|
723
|
|
152
|
724
|
|
153
|
725
|
|
154
|
726
|
|
155
|
727
|
|
156
|
1326
|
|
157
|
730
|
|
158
|
731
|
|
159
|
732
|
|
160
|
735
|
|
161
|
736
|
|
162
|
733
|
|
163
|
908
|
|
164
|
Rep.
|
|
165
|
739
|
|
166
|
740
|
|
167
|
741
|
|
168
|
737
|
|
169
|
Elim.
|
|
170
|
1333
|
|
181
|
901
|
|
182
|
902
|
|
182a
|
903
|
|
182b
|
904
|
|
182c
|
905
|
|
183
|
906
|
|
184
|
Rep.
|
|
185
|
907
|
|
186
|
Rep.
|
|
187
|
909
|
|
188
|
910
|
|
189
|
706
|
|
189a
|
707
|
|
190
|
708
|
|
191
|
709
|
|
191a
|
710
|
|
192
|
711
|
|
193
|
712
|
|
194–196
|
Rep.
|
|
196a
|
728
|
|
197
|
729
|
|
211
|
1101
|
|
212 (1st sent.)
|
1115
|
|
212 (2d sent.)
|
1114
|
|
213 (1st par.)
|
1102
|
|
213 (2d par., 1st sent.)
|
1116
|
|
213 (2d par., 2d sent., 1st cl.)
|
1302
|
|
213 (2d par., 2d, 3d sents.)
|
1308–1310, 1336
|
|
213 (3d par.)
|
1116
|
|
213a
|
1117
|
|
214
|
1107
|
|
215
|
1110
|
|
215a
|
1714
|
|
216
|
1105
|
|
217
|
1715
|
|
218
|
1106
|
|
219
|
1102, 1113
|
|
219a
|
1118
|
|
220
|
1108
|
|
221
|
Rep.
|
|
222
|
1112
|
|
223
|
Rep.
|
|
224
|
1109
|
|
225
|
1121
|
|
226
|
Rep.
|
|
227
|
1122
|
|
228, 229
|
Elim.
|
|
230
|
310
|
|
241
|
1301
|
|
242
|
Rep.
|
|
243
|
1303
|
|
244
|
Rep.
|
|
245
|
1304
|
|
246
|
1307
|
|
247
|
Rep.
|
|
248
|
1306
|
|
249
|
1328
|
|
250
|
1317
|
|
251, 252
|
Rep.
|
|
253
|
1313
|
|
254
|
1314
|
|
255, 256
|
Rep.
|
|
257
|
Elim.
|
|
258
|
1315
|
|
259
|
1316
|
|
260
|
1318
|
|
261
|
1319
|
|
262
|
1320
|
|
263
|
1312
|
|
265
|
1321
|
|
266
|
1322
|
|
267
|
Elim.
|
|
268
|
Rep.
|
|
269
|
1323
|
|
270
|
1324
|
|
271
|
1325
|
|
272
|
1327
|
|
273
|
1329
|
|
274
|
Rep.
|
|
275
|
1331
|
|
275a
|
Rep.
|
|
275b
|
1332
|
|
276
|
Rep.
|
|
276a
|
1333
|
|
277
|
Rep.
|
|
278
|
1334
|
|
279
|
1335
|
|
279a
|
Rep.
|
|
280, 280a
|
Rep.
|
|
281, 282
|
Rep.
|
|
283
|
1337
|
|
283a
|
Rep.
|
|
284
|
1338
|
|
285
|
1339
|
|
286, 287
|
Rep.
|
|
288
|
1340
|
|
289
|
1341
|
|
290
|
1342
|
|
291
|
1343
|
|
292
|
Elim.
|
|
293, 294
|
Rep.
|
|
295
|
1344
|
|
296
|
Rep.
|
|
296a
|
1305
|
|
297
|
1311
|
|
298
|
1330
|
|
300–300f
|
Rep.
|
|
300f–1
|
Rep.
|
|
300g, 300h
|
Rep.
|
|
300h–1
|
Rep.
|
|
300i–300k
|
Rep.
|
|
300aa
|
Rep.
|
|
300bb
|
2301
|
|
300cc
|
2305
|
|
300dd
|
2306
|
|
300ee
|
2307
|
|
300ff
|
2303
|
|
300gg
|
2308
|
|
300hh
|
2302
|
|
300ii
|
2304
|
|
300jj
|
Rep.
|
|
301
|
1502
|
|
302
|
1503
|
|
303
|
1504
|
|
304
|
1501
|
|
305
|
1505
|
|
306
|
1506
|
|
307
|
1507
|
|
308
|
1508
|
|
309
|
1509
|
|
310, 310a
|
Rep.
|
|
311
|
1510
|
|
311a
|
Rep.
|
|
312
|
1511
|
|
313, 314
|
Rep.
|
|
321
|
3701
|
|
322
|
3703
|
|
323
|
Rep.
|
|
324
|
3702
|
|
325
|
3703
|
|
326
|
Rep.
|
|
351–365
|
Rep.
|
|
366
|
3301
|
|
367
|
3302
|
|
368
|
3303
|
|
369
|
3304
|
|
370
|
3305
|
|
371
|
3306
|
|
372
|
3307
|
|
373
|
3308
|
|
374
|
3309
|
|
375
|
3310
|
|
376
|
3311
|
|
377
|
Rep.
|
|
378
|
3312
|
|
379
|
3313
|
|
380
|
3314
|
|
391
|
1506, 2108, 2301, 2501, 2902
|
|
392
|
2903
|
|
393(a)
|
2501
|
|
393(b)
|
2502
|
|
393(c)
|
2503
|
|
393(d)
|
2504
|
|
393(e)
|
2505
|
|
393(f)
|
2504 nt.
|
|
393(g)
|
2506
|
|
393(h)
|
2507
|
|
394
|
2701
|
|
395(a)
|
2904
|
|
395(b)
|
2905
|
|
395(c)
|
2906
|
|
395(d)
|
2907
|
|
395(e)
|
2908
|
|
395(f)
|
2909
|
|
396(a)
|
3101
|
|
396(b)
|
3102
|
|
396(c)
|
3103
|
|
396(d)
|
3104
|
|
396(e)
|
3105
|
|
396(f)
|
3106
|
|
396(g)
|
3107
|
|
396a
|
2910
|
|
397(a)
|
2103
|
|
397(b)
|
2104
|
|
397(c)
|
2105
|
|
397(d)
|
2106
|
|
397(e)
|
2107
|
|
397(f)
|
2108
|
|
397(g)
|
Rep.
|
|
397(h)
|
2109
|
|
397(i)
|
2110
|
|
397(j)
|
2101
|
|
398
|
2111
|
|
399
|
2112
|
|
400
|
2113
|
|
401
|
2901
|
|
402
|
2114
|
|
421
|
3501
|
|
422(a)
|
3503
|
|
422(b)
|
3504
|
|
422(c)
|
3505
|
|
422(d)
|
3506
|
|
422(e)
|
3507
|
|
423
|
3508
|
|
424
|
3509
|
|
425
|
3510
|
|
426
|
3502
|
|
427
|
3511
|
Enacting Clause
Section 1 of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1238, provided in part:
“That the general and permanent laws relating to public printing and documents are revised, codified, and enacted as title 44, United States Code, ‘Public Printing and Documents’, and may be cited as ‘44 U.S.C. § __’ ”.
Legislative Purpose; Inconsistent Provisions
Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided that:
“The legislative purpose in enacting section 1 of this Act is to restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act. Laws effective after January 14, 1968, that are inconsistent with this Act are considered as superseding it to the extent of the inconsistency.”
References to Other Laws
Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided that:
“A reference to a law replaced by section 1 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.”
Outstanding Orders, Rules, and Regulations
Section 2(c) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided that:
“An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by section 1 of this Act shall continue in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.”
Savings Provision
Section 2(d) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided that:
“An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by section 1 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.”
Legislative Construction
Section 2(e) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1306, provided that:
“An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of its caption or catchline.”
Separability
Section 2(f) of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1306, provided that:
“If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications.”
Repeals
Pub. L. 107–217, § 4, Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, repealed title V of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, as added by act Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, § 6(d), 64 Stat. 583, which was classified to sections 392 to 401 of title 44prior to the enactment into positive law of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, by Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1238. Section 3 of Pub. L. 90–620 repealed various laws and parts of laws, including section 6(d), but not title V.
Section 3 of Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1306, repealed the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large codified in this title, except with respect to rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun, before October 22, 1968, and except as provided by section 2 of Pub. L. 90–620.
